Brian Gongol
Next update: On or about June 3, 2013. The most recent ratings are always found at EconDirectory.com.
Traffic ratings from June 1, 2007 - by average daily pageviews
| Rank | Site | Page Views | Change from last month | Pageview Ratio | If it were a newspaper, it would be: |
| 1 | Big Picture | 27650 |  | 1.000 | USA Today (Washington, DC) |
| 2 | Marginal Revolution | 17475 | | 0.632 | Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, CA) |
| 3 | Calculated Risk | 11706 |  | 0.423 | The Washington Post (Washington, DC) |
| 4 | Gregory Mankiw | 9485 | | 0.343 | New York Daily News (New York, NY) |
| 5 | European Tribune | 8363 | | 0.303 | Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, PA) |
| 6 | Economist's View | 7104 | | 0.257 | Minneapolis Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN) |
| 7 | Michael Shedlock | 6817 | | 0.247 | Minneapolis Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN) |
| 8 | Tim Worstall | 5562 |  | 0.201 | Long Island Newsday (Long Island, NY) |
| 9 | QandO | 5113 | | 0.185 | San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco, CA) |
| 10 | Trader Mike | 4893 | | 0.177 | The Seattle Times/Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, WA) |
| 11 | Gongol | 4270 | | 0.154 | The Miami Herald (Miami, FL) |
| 12 | Asymmetrical Information | 3780 | | 0.137 | San Antonio Express-News (San Antonio, TX) |
| 13 | Drezner | 3305 | | 0.120 | Cincinnati Enquirer/Post (Cincinnati, OH) |
| 14 | Willisms | 3304 | | 0.120 | Cincinnati Enquirer/Post (Cincinnati, OH) |
| 15 | Tax Prof | 3292 | | 0.119 | Cincinnati Enquirer/Post (Cincinnati, OH) |
| 16 | Angry Economist | 3186 | | 0.115 | The Daily Oklahoman (Oklahoma City, OK) |
| 17 | Angry Bear | 2846 | | 0.103 | St. Paul Pioneer Press (St. Paul, MN) |
| 18 | Fistful of Euros | 2843 | | 0.103 | St. Paul Pioneer Press (St. Paul, MN) |
| 19 | Half Sigma | 2249 | | 0.081 | Asbury Park Press (Neptune, NJ) |
| 20 | Winter Watch | 2075 | | 0.075 | The Press-Enterprise (Riverside, CA) |
| 21 | New Economist | 2068 | | 0.075 | The Press-Enterprise (Riverside, CA) |
| 22 | Statistical Modeling | 2024 | | 0.073 | The Fresno Bee (Fresno, CA) |
| 23 | Coyote Blog | 1906 | | 0.069 | Arizona Daily Star/Tucson Citizen (Tucson, AZ) |
| 24 | Billboardom | 1849 | | 0.067 | Dayton Daily News (Dayton, OH) |
| 25 | Carl Futia | 1800 | | 0.065 | The Honolulu Advertiser (Honolulu, HI) |
| 26 | Fat Pitch Financials | 1797 | | 0.065 | The Honolulu Advertiser (Honolulu, HI) |
| 27 | Overcoming Bias | 1637 | | 0.059 | Albuquerque Journal/Tribune (Albuquerque, NM) |
| 28 | Environmental Economics (Haab and Whitehead) | 1634 | | 0.059 | Albuquerque Journal/Tribune (Albuquerque, NM) |
| 29 | Indian Economy | 1629 |  | 0.059 | Wisconsin State Journal/Capital Times (Madison, WI) |
| 30 | EconBrowser | 1544 | | 0.056 | Lexington Herald-Leader (Lexington, KY) |
| 31 | The Conglomerate | 1524 | | 0.055 | Herald-Tribune (Sarasota, FL) |
| 32 | MaxSpeak | 1415 | | 0.051 | La Opinion (Los Angeles, CA) |
| 33 | Long or Short Capital | 1375 | | 0.050 | News-Journal (Daytona Beach, FL) |
| 34 | Chicago Boyz | 1368 | | 0.050 | The Philadelphia Daily News (Philadelphia, PA) |
| 35 | Truck and Barter | 1339 | | 0.048 | Journal Gazette/News-Sentinel (Fort Wayne, IN) |
| 36 | Mess that Greenspan Made | 1248 | | 0.045 | Daily Press (Newport News, VA) |
| 37 | Escape from Cubicle Nation | 1191 | | 0.043 | The News & Record (Greensboro, NC) |
| 38 | Wages of Wins | 1003 |  | 0.036 | Lincoln Journal Star (Lincoln, NE) |
| 39 | Macroblog | 941 | | 0.034 | Post (Fairfield, CT) |
| 40 | Jacqueline Passey | 871 | | 0.032 | Charleston Gazette/Daily Mail (Charleston, WV) |
| 41 | Andrew Leigh | 794 | | 0.029 | Rockford Register Star (Rockford, IL) |
| 42 | Financial Armageddon | 756 | | 0.027 | Quad-City Times (Davenport, IA) |
| 43 | Carpe Diem | 755 | | 0.027 | Quad-City Times (Davenport, IA) |
| 44 | Catallarchy | 732 | | 0.027 | Inland Valley Daily Bulletin (Ontario, CA) |
| 45 | Triple Pundit | 671 | | 0.024 | Star-Banner (Ocala, FL) |
| 46 | EclectEcon | 650 | | 0.024 | Enterprise (Beaumont, TX) |
| 47 | Business of America is Business | 548 | | 0.020 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 48 | Ajay Shah | 530 | | 0.019 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 49 | Core Economics | 526 | | 0.019 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 50 | Accidental Verbosity | 495 | | 0.018 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 51 | Knowledge Problem | 486 | | 0.018 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 52 | Entrepreneurial Mind | 464 | | 0.017 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 53 | Agoraphilia | 444 | | 0.016 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 54 | Newmark's Door | 443 | | 0.016 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 55 | Roth and Co. | 383 | | 0.014 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 56 | SCSU Scholars | 375 | | 0.014 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 57 | Capital Spectator | 337 | | 0.012 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 58 | Environmental and Urban Economics | 311 | | 0.011 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 59 | Age of Abundance | 309 | | 0.011 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 60 | ArgMax | 302 | | 0.011 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 61 | Emirates Economist | 301 | | 0.011 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 62 | Vox Baby | 299 | | 0.011 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 63 | Window Manager | 298 | | 0.011 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 64 | Market Power | 249 | | 0.009 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 65 | Cold Spring Shops | 234 | | 0.009 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 66 | EconoPundit | 227 | | 0.008 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 67 | Adam Smith's Lost Legacy | 207 | | 0.008 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 68 | Deinonychus Antirrhopus | 176 | | 0.006 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 69 | World Economic Forum Weblog | 176 | | 0.006 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 70 | Development Bank Research Bulletin | 145 | | 0.005 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 71 | Egoist | 140 | | 0.005 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 72 | Visualizing Economics | 135 | | 0.005 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 73 | Prestopundit | 130 | | 0.005 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 74 | Globalisation and the Environment | 128 | | 0.005 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 75 | Economic Dreams, Economic Nightmares | 125 | | 0.005 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 76 | Alpha Sources | 124 | | 0.005 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 77 | Let's Fly Under the Bridge | 119 | | 0.004 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 78 | Financial Rounds | 116 | | 0.004 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 79 | Businomics | 115 | | 0.004 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 80 | Constrained Vision | 114 | | 0.004 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 81 | General Glut | 110 | | 0.004 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 82 | Economic Investigations | 102 | | 0.004 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 83 | Global Economy Matters | 101 | | 0.004 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 84 | Ecological Economics | 95 | | 0.003 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 85 | Different River | 84 | | 0.003 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 86 | Heavy Lifting | 84 | | 0.003 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 87 | Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development | 81 | | 0.003 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 88 | Trade Diversion | 79 | | 0.003 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 89 | Oikos | 74 | | 0.003 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 90 | Italian Economy Watch | 67 | | 0.002 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 91 | Labor Blog | 66 | | 0.002 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 92 | Liberal Capitalist Party | 56 | | 0.002 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 93 | Carnival of the Capitalists | 45 | | 0.002 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 94 | Sybil's Star | 43 | | 0.002 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 95 | Ashish's Niti | 40 | | 0.001 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 96 | Corneconomics | 23 | | 0.001 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 97 | Vancouver Housing | 14 | | 0.001 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 98 | Card-Carrying Member | 12 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 99 | Research Design and Statistics | 11 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 100 | MacroMouse | 10 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 101 | One-Handed Economist | 9 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 102 | Urban Economics and More | 8 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 103 | Byrne's Marketview | 7 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 104 | Trade and Me (Spanish) | 7 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 105 | De Gustibus | 6 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 106 | Economics, Markets, and Probabilities | 5 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 107 | Notes for Monetary Enthusiasts | 3 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 108 | Alea | 0 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 109 | Ben Muse | 0 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 110 | Go Figure | 0 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 111 | Hypothetical Bias | 0 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 112 | James D. Miller | 0 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 113 | The Lowest Deep | 0 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
Traffic ratings from June 1, 2007 - by average daily visits
| Rank | Site | Visits | Change from last month | Visit Ratio | If it were a newspaper, it would be: |
| 1 | Big Picture | 20707 | | 1.000 | USA Today (Washington, DC) |
| 2 | Marginal Revolution | 10625 | | 0.513 | Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, CA) |
| 3 | Calculated Risk | 8284 | | 0.400 | The Washington Post (Washington, DC) |
| 4 | Michael Shedlock | 5781 | | 0.279 | Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, PA) |
| 5 | Gregory Mankiw | 5745 | | 0.277 | Houston Chronicle (Houston, TX) |
| 6 | Tim Worstall | 4147 | | 0.200 | Long Island Newsday (Long Island, NY) |
| 7 | Economist's View | 4090 | | 0.198 | Long Island Newsday (Long Island, NY) |
| 8 | Asymmetrical Information | 3025 | | 0.146 | Kansas City Star (Kansas City, MO) |
| 9 | QandO | 3016 | | 0.146 | Kansas City Star (Kansas City, MO) |
| 10 | Drezner | 2560 | | 0.124 | The Tampa Tribune & Times (Tampa, FL) |
| 11 | Tax Prof | 2340 | | 0.113 | Little Rock Arkansas Democrat-Gazette (Little Rock, AR) |
| 12 | Trader Mike | 2310 | | 0.112 | Little Rock Arkansas Democrat-Gazette (Little Rock, AR) |
| 13 | Gongol | 2194 | | 0.106 | San Jose Mercury News (San Jose, CA) |
| 14 | Willisms | 2162 | | 0.104 | San Jose Mercury News (San Jose, CA) |
| 15 | Angry Bear | 1959 | | 0.095 | Tennessean (Nashville, TN) |
| 16 | European Tribune | 1935 | | 0.093 | Omaha World-Herald (Omaha, NE) |
| 17 | Angry Economist | 1784 | | 0.086 | Memphis Commercial Appeal (Memphis, TN) |
| 18 | Fistful of Euros | 1752 | | 0.085 | Raleigh News & Observer (Raleigh, NC) |
| 19 | New Economist | 1320 | | 0.064 | The Honolulu Advertiser (Honolulu, HI) |
| 20 | Coyote Blog | 1298 | | 0.063 | Tribune-Review (Greensburg, PA) |
| 21 | Half Sigma | 1245 | | 0.060 | The Salt Lake Tribune/Deseret News (Salt Lake City, UT) |
| 22 | Becker-Posner | 1216 | | 0.059 | Wisconsin State Journal/Capital Times (Madison, WI) |
| 23 | Winter Watch | 1189 | | 0.057 | The Journal News (White Plains, NY) |
| 24 | Carl Futia | 1188 | | 0.057 | The Journal News (White Plains, NY) |
| 25 | EconBrowser | 1037 | | 0.050 | Republican (Springfield, MA) |
| 26 | Indian Economy | 1019 | | 0.049 | The Philadelphia Daily News (Philadelphia, PA) |
| 27 | Statistical Modeling | 1009 | | 0.049 | Journal Gazette/News-Sentinel (Fort Wayne, IN) |
| 28 | Billboardom | 1006 | | 0.049 | Journal Gazette/News-Sentinel (Fort Wayne, IN) |
| 29 | The Conglomerate | 986 | | 0.048 | News-Press (Fort Myers, FL) |
| 30 | MaxSpeak | 948 | | 0.046 | Greenville News (Greenville, SC) |
| 31 | Fat Pitch Financials | 933 | | 0.045 | Daily Press (Newport News, VA) |
| 32 | Environmental Economics (Haab and Whitehead) | 893 | | 0.043 | The News & Record (Greensboro, NC) |
| 33 | Overcoming Bias | 888 | | 0.043 | Maine Sunday Telegram (Portland, ME) |
| 34 | Truck and Barter | 840 | | 0.041 | Times (Washington, DC) |
| 35 | Virginia Postrel | 814 | | 0.039 | El Nuevo Herald (Miami, FL) |
| 36 | Escape from Cubicle Nation | 804 | | 0.039 | Times Free Press (Chattanooga, TN) |
| 37 | Chicago Boyz | 781 | | 0.038 | South Bend Tribune (South Bend, IN) |
| 38 | Mess that Greenspan Made | 696 | | 0.034 | Reading Eagle (Reading, PA) |
| 39 | Long or Short Capital | 678 | | 0.033 | Atlantic City Press (Atlantic City, NJ) |
| 40 | Macroblog | 661 | | 0.032 | Green Bay Press-Gazette (Green Bay, WI) |
| 41 | Wages of Wins | 648 | | 0.031 | Naples Daily News (Naples, FL) |
| 42 | Financial Armageddon | 613 | | 0.030 | Bakersfield Californian (Bakersfield, CA) |
| 43 | Catallarchy | 605 | | 0.029 | Caller-Times (Corpus Christi, TX) |
| 44 | Andrew Leigh | 510 | | 0.025 | Sun News (Myrtle Beach, SC) |
| 45 | Carpe Diem | 490 | | 0.024 | Statesman Journal (Salem, OR) |
| 46 | Jacqueline Passey | 476 | | 0.023 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 47 | Triple Pundit | 472 | | 0.023 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 48 | EclectEcon | 439 | | 0.021 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 49 | Sports Economist | 401 | | 0.019 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 50 | Business of America is Business | 375 | | 0.018 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 51 | Accidental Verbosity | 366 | | 0.018 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 52 | Entrepreneurial Mind | 364 | | 0.018 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 53 | Knowledge Problem | 345 | | 0.017 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 54 | Capital Spectator | 312 | | 0.015 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 55 | Core Economics | 308 | | 0.015 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 56 | Roth and Co. | 298 | | 0.014 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 57 | SCSU Scholars | 298 | | 0.014 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 58 | Newmark's Door | 286 | | 0.014 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 59 | Ajay Shah | 281 | | 0.014 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 60 | Agoraphilia | 275 | | 0.013 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 61 | Environmental and Urban Economics | 234 | | 0.011 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 62 | Window Manager | 231 | | 0.011 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 63 | Vox Baby | 230 | | 0.011 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 64 | Emirates Economist | 215 | | 0.010 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 65 | Market Power | 189 | | 0.009 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 66 | EconoPundit | 183 | | 0.009 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 67 | Age of Abundance | 180 | | 0.009 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 68 | Cold Spring Shops | 175 | | 0.009 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 69 | ArgMax | 152 | | 0.007 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 70 | Adam Smith's Lost Legacy | 151 | | 0.007 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 71 | World Economic Forum Weblog | 126 | | 0.006 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 72 | Deinonychus Antirrhopus | 119 | | 0.006 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 73 | Egoist | 110 | | 0.005 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 74 | Undergraduate Economist | 110 | | 0.005 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 75 | General Glut | 99 | | 0.005 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 76 | Development Bank Research Bulletin | 97 | | 0.005 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 77 | Prestopundit | 91 | | 0.004 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 78 | Let's Fly Under the Bridge | 90 | | 0.004 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 79 | Constrained Vision | 89 | | 0.004 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 80 | Globalisation and the Environment | 88 | | 0.004 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 81 | Financial Rounds | 87 | | 0.004 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 82 | Economic Dreams, Economic Nightmares | 85 | | 0.004 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 83 | Visualizing Economics | 83 | | 0.004 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 84 | Alpha Sources | 80 | | 0.004 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 85 | Global Economy Matters | 75 | | 0.004 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 86 | Businomics | 72 | | 0.004 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 87 | Economic Investigations | 71 | | 0.003 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 88 | Different River | 70 | | 0.003 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 89 | Heavy Lifting | 70 | | 0.003 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 90 | Ecological Economics | 65 | | 0.003 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 91 | Oikos | 62 | | 0.003 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 92 | Trade Diversion | 55 | | 0.003 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 93 | Labor Blog | 54 | | 0.003 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 94 | Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development | 45 | | 0.002 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 95 | Italian Economy Watch | 38 | | 0.002 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 96 | Sybil's Star | 37 | | 0.002 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 97 | Ashish's Niti | 33 | | 0.002 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 98 | Carnival of the Capitalists | 31 | | 0.002 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 99 | Liberal Capitalist Party | 16 | | 0.001 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 100 | Corneconomics | 15 | | 0.001 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 101 | Trade and Me (Spanish) | 11 | | 0.001 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 102 | Vancouver Housing | 10 | | 0.001 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 103 | Card-Carrying Member | 9 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 104 | MacroMouse | 8 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 105 | One-Handed Economist | 7 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 106 | Byrne's Marketview | 6 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 107 | Urban Economics and More | 6 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 108 | De Gustibus | 5 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 109 | Research Design and Statistics | 5 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 110 | Economics, Markets, and Probabilities | 4 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 111 | Notes for Monetary Enthusiasts | 2 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 112 | Alea | 0 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 113 | Ben Muse | 0 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 114 | Go Figure | 0 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 115 | Hypothetical Bias | 0 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 116 | James D. Miller | 0 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
| 117 | The Lowest Deep | 0 | | 0.000 | (below threshold for top 200 newspapers) |
Sites that qualify but don't have public traffic logs
The following sites do not appear to have publicly-available traffic logs and are thus not included in this analysis but are listed in the overall directory -- (corrections are welcomed):